/image%2F1092704%2F20170423%2Fob_25e5a7_p1040287-1-3.jpg)
/http%3A%2F%2Fassets.over-blog.com%2Ft%2Ftwentyeleven%2Fimages%2Fpine-cone.jpg "Maintaining the Good Momentum")
Quantum Computing Updates
Published on January 22 2018
08/2016
10/2017
The satellite Micius relayed quantum-secure signals between China and Austria. This time-lapse photo shows the Xinglong observatory’s red laser tracking the satellite as it moves across the sky, emitting a green laser beam that appears as a single point at any instant.
Communication with digital signals encrypted quantum-mechanically can be more secure than with classical signals, prompting forecasts of a “quantum internet” for global data protection. Such a project now looks more feasible thanks to a demonstration in which researchers shared images and a video connection that were quantum-mechanically secure between stations in China and Austria, linked by a satellite.
Micius can create quantum keys and can also broadcast and measure quantum-encrypted signals. It can send separate, single-use, random quantum keys to the Xinglong and Graz stations by laser pulses as it passes over each location. The sender—say, at Graz—uses the Micius-Graz key to encode data, and Micius can then include this key in the signal it sends to Xinglong, encrypted with a different Micius-Xinglong key.
To demonstrate the cryptographic link, the researchers sent two images between China and Austria via the satellite and used fiber-optic networks to extend the connection from Graz to Vienna and from Xinglong to Beijing.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the process of sending the key in this quantum-secure way, which keeps the encoded message safe, even if the message is sent without a quantum protocol.
The keys are used to secure communications transmitted over non-quantum channels. In June 2017, China began to maintain space-to-ground entanglement over 1200 km between ground stations.
The Chinese experiment demonstrated communication with transmitted images, and followed that up with a 75-minute video conference in 09/2017 secured with quantum-distributed keys. In the latest research, an addition of an Austrian node into the mix, achieving kilohertz-rate key distribution between stations that were 7,600 km apart.
量子實驗室的負責人張勝譽的演講內容《量子計算漫談》：
“量子糾纏”，就是兩個粒子之間在很強的意義下不可分：即使你們把這兩個粒子分別放到非常遠的地方，對其中一個粒子進行操作，會改變另外一個粒子的狀態。
我們關注如何去設計有效的量子演算法，使得這些演算法需要花的時間要遠遠短于經典演算法花的時間。如果有量子電腦，可能會攻破現有的密碼體系。量子相關的密碼學也包括我們要設計一些新的密碼體系，可能是量子的，也可能是經典的，使得即使是量子電腦也無法攻破。
做量子電腦基本上有兩個不同的目標，一個是要做一台專用機，這個機器只能處理一些特殊的事情，比如説目標是某一類優化的問題另一個不同的目標是做通用機, 實現通用電路這個目標非常高。很多實現方案要求超低溫。所以整個通用量子電腦實現是個非常艱辛的事情。從二十年前就一直做這個事情，也一直有比較穩定的進展，可喜的是最近的三五年能明顯看到一些加速的跡象。也出現了越來越多的實現方案，有一些現在看起來跑得更快一些，當然最終哪個能成為贏家現在預言還有點為時過早。我們可以看看更多的 IBM 和 Google 公佈的圖片。其實這是給晶片做冷卻的裝置。
基本現狀是，現有的通用量子電腦還是比較小規模的幾十位，對差錯的控制還有待進一步提高。大家還在努力一點點把這個做得越來越好。目前看來，很多實現條件都太苛刻而且昂貴。但是截止到目前，看不到任何本質上的跨不過的坎，所有問題都在工程工藝上。
現在各國都在投入，也有很多公司加入，我相信這些力量一定會推動量子電腦最終實現。在短期來説，不會 1、2 年就能造出一個大型的量子電腦，解決一個不得了的問題；有人覺得十年甚至五十年也做不出來什麼，我覺得太悲觀了。科技的發展突破有時候難以預料，而且關鍵環節一旦突破，發展會非常迅速。
騰訊啟動量子實驗室，我們希望招聘到跟量子相關的演算法、複雜性、通訊、模擬、量子物理、量子化學等等各方面的人才。另外我們也很看重量子力學和人工智慧的結合。可能有一些從物理中過來的想法，這些想法是完全可以實現在經典量子電腦上，如果有人喜歡做 AI、喜歡做機器學習中的基礎問題，但是又想多一些理解和多一些本質性的突破，也希望加入我們，大家一起來研究探討這個問題。
In 2017 Alibaba disclosed that it is planning a US$ 15 billion investment in R&D projects. This investment is part of the company’s DAMO (Discovery, Adventure, Momentum, and Outlook) Academy, and will include the opening of new labs, to be located in different places such as Singapore, Moscow, Seattle, China, and California.
/https%3A%2F%2Fd22izw7byeupn1.cloudfront.net%2Fjournals%2FPHYSICS%2Fsynopses%2Fimages%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevX.7.031049)
Synopsis: A Lens to Focus Spins
A quantum bit stored in the spin excitation of an atomic cloud could be "focused" onto the quantum state of a single atom. A future quantum computer might use photonic qubits to move information ...
https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031049
09/2017
/https%3A%2F%2Fd22izw7byeupn1.cloudfront.net%2Fjournals%2FPHYSICS%2Fsynopses%2Fimages%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevX.7.041043)
Synopsis: Quantum Circulators Simplified
A device that routes microwave signals could help researchers scale up quantum-computing architectures. The superconducting qubit is a leading candidate for building a quantum computer. So far ...
https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041043
11/2017 :
01/2018
01/2018 英特爾 (INTC-US) 成功研制 49 量子位元測試晶片。名為 Tangle Lake 這些量子位需要在極冷溫度等條件工作。聲明說，這款晶片代表著該公司在開發從架構到算法再到控制電路的完整量子計算系統方面的一個 「 重要里程碑 」 ，將使得研究人員能夠評估和改進糾錯技術，並模擬一些計算問題。英特爾說，已成功設計、製造和交付 49 量子位的超導測試晶片，這距離該公司去年 10 月交付 17 量子位超導測試晶片僅過去約 3 個月。超導是實現量子計算的一種技術方式。
但聲明也指出，目前量子計算仍處於初期階段。該公司預計，量子計算距離解決工程規模的問題可能還要 5 到 7 年。而從商業角度看，量子計算可能需要 100 萬甚至更多的量子位才能有實用價值。
IBM 最近宣布成功研制一款 50 量子位處理器原型，並與三星、摩根大通等公司建立量子計算合作，有望在 2021 年前推出首個在金融領域的量子計算應用。Google 也有望很快推出 49 量子位的產品。
中國科學技術大學的潘建偉與陸朝陽課題組也在向相關目標努力，他們于2017 年成功研製出世界首台超越早期傳統電腦的量子電腦。潘建偉認為中國的量子計算將如雨後春筍般發展。
11/2017
12/2017
中國科學技術大學的潘建偉與陸朝陽課題組也在向相關目標努力，他們于2017 年成功研製出世界首台超越早期傳統電腦的量子電腦。潘建偉認為中國的量子計算將如雨後春筍般發展。
中國將專注於量子通信、量子計算與量子精密測量。“墨子號”率先實現了千公里級星地雙向量子糾纏分發，並在此基礎上實現空間尺度嚴格滿足“愛因斯坦定域性條件”的量子力學非定域性檢驗；實現了星地高速量子密鑰分發，密鑰分發速率比地面同距離光纖量子通信水平提高了 20 個數量級以上；實現了從地面到衛星距離達 1400 公里的量子隱形傳態。為引領未來量子通信技術發展和量子物理基本問題前沿研究奠定了堅實的科學與技術基礎。
09/2017 國際上首條千公里級量子保密通信骨幹網 “京滬幹線”正式開通，並結合“墨子號”的天地鏈路，成功演示了洲際量子保密通信，為未來實現全球化量子網絡邁出了堅實的一步。
2017年，潘建偉團隊在量子計算領域也取得系列重要進展。團隊實現了多光子可編程量子計算原型機，首次演示了超越早期經典計算機的量子計算能力；首次實現了十個超導量子比特糾纏的量子計算芯片，為目前國際上通過嚴格測試和同行評審的最大數目的超導量子比特糾纏。
11/2017
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Commission proposes to invest EUR 1 billion in world-class European supercomputers
European Commission - Press Release details page - European - Press release Commission Brussels, 11 January 2018 The European Commission unveiled today its plans to invest jointly with the Member ...
European Commission quantum technologies
/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fpolopoly_fs%2F7.43961.1493734022%21%2Fimage%2FWEB_univ%20Sussex_Chip.jpg_gen%2Fderivatives%2Flandscape_630%2FWEB_univ%20Sussex_Chip.jpg)
Europe's billion-euro quantum project takes shape
As China and the United States threaten to corner the market on quantum technologies, Europe is slowly waking up to the opportunity with investment of its own. A year ago, the European Commission ...
Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München
02/2017
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Russian Quantum Center
/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.technologyreview.com%2Fi%2Fimages%2Fquantum-blockchain.jpg%3Fcx%3D0%26cy%3D15%26cw%3D600%26ch%3D337%26sw%3D1200)
How the Russians used quantum mechanics to secure blockchains
Interest in cryptocurrencies is currently at fever pitch with banks, businesses, and governments racing to understand the technology and how they can exploit it. As a result, the cryptocurrency ...
The security of blockchains is based on the belief that ordinary computers can only perform this kind of brute force attack over time scales that are entirely impractical, such as the age of the universe. By contrast, quantum computers are much faster and consequently pose a much greater threat.
08/2017
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Japan unveils first quantum computer as race for faster machines heats up
TOKYO - Japan has unveiled its first quantum computer prototype, amid a global race to build ever-powerful machines with faster speeds and larger brute force that are key towards realising the full
11/2017
12/2017 虚偽発表 : Mainichi Shimbun and Nikkei Science raised voices that "QNN is not a quantum computer".
10/2017